![]() The first is the ‘gauge’ coupling of the Higgs boson to the mediators of the weak force, the W and Z vector bosons. There is no direct coupling to the massless standard model force mediators, the photons and gluons, whereas there are three types of couplings to massive particles in the theory. In the standard model, the strength of the interaction, or ‘coupling’, between the Higgs boson and a given particle is fully defined by the particle’s mass and type. Testing the existence and properties of this field and its associated particle, the Higgs boson, has been one of the main goals of particle physics for several decades. A central feature of the standard model is the existence of a spinless quantum field that permeates the Universe and gives mass to massive elementary particles. The standard model of particle physics has been tested by many experiments since its formulation 1, 2, 3, 4 and, after accounting for the neutrino masses, no discrepancies between experimental observations and its predictions have been established so far. These tests reveal that the Higgs boson discovered ten years ago is remarkably consistent with the predictions of the theory and provide stringent constraints on many models of new phenomena beyond the standard model. Interactions with three third-generation matter particles (bottom ( b) and top ( t) quarks, and tau leptons ( τ)) are well measured and indications of interactions with a second-generation particle (muons, μ) are emerging. Interactions with gluons, photons, and W and Z bosons-the carriers of the strong, electromagnetic and weak forces-are studied in detail. Here, on the basis of this larger dataset, we combine an unprecedented number of production and decay processes of the Higgs boson to scrutinize its interactions with elementary particles. Since then, more than 30 times as many Higgs bosons have been recorded by the ATLAS experiment, enabling much more precise measurements and new tests of the theory. In 2012, a particle with properties consistent with the Higgs boson of the standard model was observed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN 10, 11. The quantum excitation of this field, known as the Higgs field, manifests itself as the Higgs boson, the only fundamental particle with no spin. One of the central features of the standard model is a field that permeates all of space and interacts with fundamental particles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. The standard model of particle physics 1, 2, 3, 4 describes the known fundamental particles and forces that make up our Universe, with the exception of gravity. ![]()
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